Background: Coffee stands as a globally popular beverage, and emerging evidence increasingly highlights its diverse associations with various health outcomes. To provide a conclusive and updated understanding of the relationship between coffee consumption and dementia, this umbrella review was conducted.

Methods: Search was done on PubMed database (January 2016 to May 2025). MeSH terms “coffee intake,” dementia,” were used comparing dementia risk with coffee consumption were used. The study excluded case reports and non-human, non-English observational research. Meta analysis were included comparing desired outcome. The dementia risk of coffee was examined using RevMan software. Coffee consumption’s dementia risk ratio (RR), 95% CI, and I2 were estimated. Forest plots with P values ≤ 0.05 are significant. The umbrella review includes 5 meta-analyses from 457092 papers.

Results: The forest plot of the five included meta-analyses reveals a pooled prevalence ratio of 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of [0.86, 0.95], indicating a statistically significant protective association of coffee consumption against dementia. Regarding heterogeneity, the analysis yielded a Tau² of 0.00, a Chi² of 5.58 with 4 degrees of freedom and a corresponding p-value of 0.23, and an I² of 28%. This indicates a low to moderate level of heterogeneity across the included studies. Furthermore, the test for overall effect demonstrated high statistical significance (Z = -3.32, p < 0.0001), strengthening the observed protective effect despite the mild heterogeneity.

Conclusion: This updated umbrella review of five meta-analyses from PubMed provides evidence for a statistically significant protective association between coffee consumption and a reduced risk of dementia. While a low to moderate level of heterogeneity was observed, the overall statistically significant effect suggests a potential benefit of coffee intake in relation to dementia risk.

Rishabh Kumar Rana is an Associate professor in Department of Community Medicine, he has over 15 years of experience as an academic, researcher and public health expert working at the ground level. He has worked with WHO, UNICEF and GoI on various projects along with leading projects as PI in his institute with ICMR and NACO. He has also presented in various international conferences and national conferences both as a guest faculty and presenter. He has also taken international lectures as guest faculty, other than authoring two books while contributing in various books his chapters. Currently he has h index 9 . He is also an expert clinician